- Expression summary is undefined on line 18, column 39 in List/Subordinate.ftl. The problematic instruction: ---------- ==> ${summary} [on line 18, column 37 in List/Subordinate.ftl] ---------- Java backtrace for programmers: ---------- freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: Expression summary is undefined on line 18, column 39 in List/Subordinate.ftl. at freemarker.core.TemplateObject.assertNonNull(TemplateObject.java:124) at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:118) at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:93) at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:76) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:208) at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:92) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:208) at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:188) at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:237) at com.beans.htmlMaker.MakerHtmlPages.create(MakerHtmlPages.java:54) at com.liulei.article.serviceImpl.ArticleServiceImpl.pubWebArticleList(ArticleServiceImpl.java:2373) at com.liulei.article.serviceImpl.ArticleServiceImpl.pubArticleList(ArticleServiceImpl.java:1748) at com.liulei.article.serviceImpl.ArticleServiceImpl.promulgateAllChildChannel(ArticleServiceImpl.java:1124) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:296) at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:177) at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:144) at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:107) at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:166) at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:204) at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy23.promulgateAllChildChannel(Unknown Source) at com.liulei.article.struts.action.ArticleAction.allChildChannel(ArticleAction.java:3073) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) at org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction.dispatchMethod(DispatchAction.java:270) at org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction.execute(DispatchAction.java:187) at org.apache.struts.actions.MappingDispatchAction.execute(MappingDispatchAction.java:169) at org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingActionProxy.execute(DelegatingActionProxy.java:110) at org.apache.struts.action.RequestProcessor.processActionPerform(RequestProcessor.java:431) at org.apache.struts.action.RequestProcessor.process(RequestProcessor.java:236) at org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.process(ActionServlet.java:1196) at org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.doGet(ActionServlet.java:414) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:624) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:731) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208) at com.beans.filter.SetCharacterEncodingFilter.doFilter(SetCharacterEncodingFilter.java:122) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:505) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:170) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103) at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:956) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:423) at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1079) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:625) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:316) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)